You’ve received the worst news imaginable from your plumber: your well has dried up. You either need to dig deeper in the current well or drill an entirely new one.
But before embarking on this subterranean adventure, one crucial question looms large: What is this going to cost you?
If you’re seeing dollar signs in your vision, strap in. This article will delve into the financial depths of well drilling, demystifying the factors that influence its price and providing insights into the typical expenses involved.
Calculating the Cost of Well Drilling: Factors to Consider
When calculating the cost of well drilling, many factors come into play. Here’s a well-detailed list of key considerations that can influence the overall expense:
1. Geographic location
Geographical location plays a significant role in determining the cost of well drilling. Here are the factors that contribute:
Accessibility and terrain
In remote or difficult-to-reach locations, you may incur additional expenses for the transportation of drilling equipment and materials.
Challenging terrain, such as rocky or hilly areas, may require specialized equipment or techniques, increasing labor and equipment costs. Conversely, sites with easy access and favorable terrain conditions tend to have lower drilling costs.
Water availability
Areas with abundant underground water reservoirs or aquifers generally require shallower wells, reducing drilling expenses. Conversely, regions with limited water resources may necessitate drilling deeper wells, increasing drilling costs due to the additional time, labor, and equipment required to reach water-bearing formations.
Market and labor rates
Areas with higher living costs and increased competition among drilling contractors tend to have higher rates. Conversely, regions with lower living costs and fewer drilling contractors may have more competitive pricing. Labor rates for drilling professionals, technicians, and support staff can vary significantly between different states, impacting overall drilling costs.
To illustrate the variation in water well drilling prices across different US states, here are a few examples of average drilling costs:
- Texas: The cost per foot for residential well drilling in Texas ranges from $30 to $60 per foot. This depends on factors such as depth, casing materials, and additional services required.
- California: The drilling cost in California typically ranges from $40 to $80 per foot. The state’s diverse geological conditions and stricter environmental regulations can contribute to higher drilling expenses.
- Florida: The average cost per foot for residential well drilling in Florida falls within the range of $25 to $50. The state’s relatively shallow water tables and favorable terrain contribute to lower drilling expenses per foot compared to other regions.
- Pennsylvania: The cost per foot for residential well drilling in Pennsylvania can range from $35 to $65. The state’s varied geological formations and potential for deeper wells in certain areas can impact overall expenses.
- Colorado: The average cost per foot for residential well drilling in Colorado is approximately $40 to $75. Factors such as varying terrain conditions, potential water depth, and the need for more sophisticated drilling methods contribute to the price range.
2. Well depth
Well depth varies depending on the geological characteristics of an area. As the well depth increases, so does the complexity and duration of the drilling process, leading to higher overall costs. Deeper wells typically require more time, labor, and specialized equipment to reach water-bearing formations.
Here is a table indicating the approximate average cost for 4- and 6-inch diameter casings at various depths (please note that these costs are for casing materials only and do not include other drilling expenses):
| Depth (feet) | 4-inch casing cost per foot | 6-inch casing cost per foot |
| 50 | $20–$30 | $25–$35 |
| 150 | $25–$35 | $30–$40 |
| 300 | $35–$45 | $40–$50 |
| 500 | $45–$55 | $50–$60 |
| 800 | $55–$65 | $60–$70 |
| 1000 | $65–$75 | $70–$80 |
It’s important to note that these figures are approximate and can vary based on factors such as regional pricing, casing material choices, and market conditions. Consult with your local drilling company and casing supplier for obtaining accurate and up-to-date cost estimates tailored to your specific well-drilling project.
3. Water quantity and quality
The desired water quantity, or yield, is a crucial factor that impacts well drilling costs. If a larger volume of water is required, it often necessitates drilling a deeper or wider borehole to access water-bearing formations with higher productivity.
Drilling deeper wells involves additional time, labor, and equipment, which can significantly increase the overall drilling cost. Furthermore, larger pumps and more robust pumping systems may be necessary to meet the desired water yield, adding to the expenses.
The quality of well water is another crucial consideration in well drilling costs. If the water in the area contains contaminants or requires treatment, additional expenses may accumulate for installing appropriate filtration, purification, or treatment systems.
Additionally, conducting water quality analysis and testing prior to drilling can help identify any potential issues and determine the appropriate treatment measures needed, ensuring the well water meets the desired standards.
The National Ground Water Association (NWGA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommend you test your water at least once a year. Basic water testing kits that check for pH, chlorine, hardness, and bacteria can range from $20 to $50. Comprehensive kits that test for heavy metals, pesticides, or specific minerals can cost between $50 and $150.
4. Drilling method
The choice of drilling method has a significant impact on well-drilling costs. Several drilling methods are available, including cable-tool drilling, rotary drilling, and percussion drilling.
Cable tool drilling, although slower, can be more cost effective for shallow wells. Rotary drilling, on the other hand, is generally faster and suitable for deeper wells. However, it may require specialized equipment and expertise, which can increase the overall drilling costs.
The complexity and efficiency of the chosen drilling method influence factors such as drilling time, labor requirements, equipment needs, and overall project duration, all of which can impact the total cost of well drilling.
5. Well casing and pumping system
The materials used for well casing, typically steel or PVC, and the type of pumping system required impact the overall cost. Here’s a detailed explanation:
Well casing
Well casing refers to the protective material that lines the drilled well to maintain its structural integrity and prevent the collapse of the borehole. The choice of casing material can impact both the upfront and long-term costs of the well. Different casing materials have varying costs and properties. Here are some average costs for commonly used casing materials:
- PVC (polyvinyl chloride): PVC casing is a popular and cost-effective option. It generally ranges from $1 to $3 per linear foot.
- Steel: Steel casing provides durability and strength but is often more expensive than PVC. Average costs range from $5 to $15 per linear foot, depending on the quality and diameter of the casing.
- Fiberglass: Fiberglass casing is corrosion resistant and offers long-term durability. The cost can range from $8 to $20 per linear foot, depending on the specifications.
Pump system
The pump system is responsible for extracting water from the well and delivering it to the desired location. The choice of pump type and capacity can impact the cost of the pumping system. Here are some average costs for different types of pumps:
- Submersible pump: Submersible pumps are placed directly in the well and are commonly used for residential applications. The cost can range from $500 to $2,500, depending on the horsepower, depth, and capacity requirements.
- Jet pump: Jet pumps are installed above ground and utilize suction to draw water from the well. They are typically more affordable, with average costs ranging from $300 to $800.
- Constant pressure system: This system uses a variable speed pump to provide a steady water pressure. Costs can range from $1,000 to $3,000 or more, depending on the specific system requirements.
- Solar-powered pump: This pump operates using energy generated from solar panels. It harnesses sunlight and converts it into electrical energy to power the pump, eliminating the need for grid electricity or fuel-powered engines. It costs between $1,500 and $3,000.
6. Permits and legal requirements
Residential well drilling is subject to various permits and legal requirements imposed by local, state, and federal authorities. These regulations ensure the proper construction, operation, and protection of groundwater resources.
The specific permits and requirements vary depending on the location, but they may include drilling permits, water-rights permits, well-construction permits, and environmental impact assessments. It is essential to research and understand the regulatory framework in your area and allocate budget and time for obtaining the necessary permits.
The cost of permits can vary widely, depending on the jurisdiction and the specific requirements of the drilling project. Permit costs typically include application fees, processing fees, and inspection fees. On average, the cost of permits for residential well drilling can range from $100 to $1,000, or more.
Hiring a qualified well-drilling company that is familiar with the local regulations can help navigate the permitting process and ensure adherence to legal requirements, which can save time and potential penalties.
7. Additional services and equipment
Residential well drilling may require various additional services beyond the core drilling process. Here are some services that can impact the overall drilling costs:
Site assessment
Conducting a thorough site assessment before drilling helps identify any potential challenges or risks, such as groundwater contamination or geological complexities. Site assessments may involve geophysical surveys, hydrogeological studies, or environmental impact assessments, which involve additional costs.
Well development
After drilling, the well may require additional development processes to improve water yield and quality. Well development techniques, such as surging, airlifting, or chemical treatments, help remove drilling debris, improve permeability, and enhance the well’s productivity.
Equipment
The equipment used in residential well drilling plays a significant role in determining the overall cost. Specialized drilling equipment, such as drilling rigs, casing hammers, or core drilling tools, can be costly to purchase or rent. The size and complexity of the drilling equipment required depend on factors such as well depth, geological conditions, and drilling method.
8. Distance from the house
The distance between the well and the house can impact the cost of trenching and excavation. In most cases, water and electric supply lines need to be buried underground to protect them from damage and ensure proper functioning. The longer the distance, the more extensive the trenching and excavation work required.
Factors such as soil conditions, terrain, and any existing obstacles (e.g., trees, structures) can further influence the complexity and cost of trenching. Additionally, if the distance requires crossing driveways, roads, or other inaccessible areas, specialized equipment or permits may be necessary, adding to the overall drilling costs.
The distance between the well and the house affects the materials needed for the water and electric supply lines. Pipes, conduits, fittings, and other necessary components are required to connect the well to the house. The longer the distance, the more materials and labor are needed, which can increase the overall cost.
The average cost per foot for water and electric supply lines depends on certain factors, including local labor rates and material costs. Homeowners can expect to pay around $3 to $10 per linear foot for trenching and installing water supply lines. Electric supply lines, which often require specialized installation techniques, can range from $6 to $15 per linear foot.
9. New or existing well
When drilling a new well, the costs are typically higher compared to working with an existing well. This is because the process involves starting from scratch, including evaluating the site, drilling the borehole, installing the casing, and implementing the necessary pumping system.
An existing well may already have a drilled borehole and casing in place, reducing the need for extensive drilling work. However, there may still be costs associated with well rehabilitation, maintenance, or upgrades. Well rehabilitation techniques such as acidizing, hydrofracturing, or brushing can help improve the well’s performance.
The cost of well rehabilitation varies depending on the specific techniques employed and the condition of the well. On average, homeowners can expect to pay between $1,000 and $3,000 for well rehabilitation.
Pump maintenance shouldn’t be overlooked. On average, the cost of pump repair can range from $500 to $1,500, while pump replacement can cost between $1,000 and $3,000 or more.
10. Septic system installation
When considering residential well drilling, it’s important to take into account the impact of septic system installation. Both the well and septic system require specific considerations, and their proximity and interaction can affect overall drilling costs.
Location and setback requirements
Local regulations typically require a minimum distance, known as a setback, between the well and septic system. This ensures any potential contaminants from the septic system do not pose a risk to well water quality. The need to maintain a specific setback may influence the location and design of both the well and the septic system, potentially impacting drilling costs.
Coordinating installation
Coordinating the installation of the well and the septic system can help optimize the overall process and potentially reduce costs. Timing and coordination between the drilling contractor and the septic system contractor are crucial to ensuring efficient use of equipment and minimizing disruption to the site.
Average cost
The costs associated with drilling a residential well and installing a septic system depend on factors such as location, soil conditions, depth of the well, size of the septic system. For septic system installation, the average cost can range from $5,000 to $10,000 or more, depending on the size and complexity of the system, soil conditions, and local requirements.
11. Other parts of a well water system
Apart from pumps and casings, other necessary parts comprise a complete well water system. Below is a detailed explanation of how installing each part can affect residential well drilling costs, along with the average installation costs associated with each part:
Pressure tank
The pressure tank helps regulate water pressure and provides a steady supply of water. The cost of a pressure tank depends on factors such as capacity and quality. On average, homeowners can expect to pay between $300 and $800 for a pressure tank, including installation.
Water storage tank
A storage tank may be required to store water for later use or to accommodate fluctuations in water demand. Water storage tank cost depends on factors such as capacity, material (e.g., fiberglass, polyethylene), and additional features (e.g., insulation, UV protection).
On average, homeowners can expect to pay between $500 and $2,000 for a residential storage tank, including installation.
Pump house
A water pump house is a small structure that houses the well pump, pressure tank, storage tank, and other equipment. The cost of a pump house depends on factors such as size, materials used (e.g., wood, metal), and any additional features or customization.
On average, homeowners can expect to pay between $1,000 and $5,000 for a pump house, including construction and installation.
Water treatment system
As I mentioned above, a water treatment system may be necessary to remove impurities or contaminants. The cost of a water treatment system can vary widely based on factors such as the type of treatment system (e.g., filtration, softening, disinfection), capacity, and additional features.
On average, homeowners can expect to pay between $1,000 and $5,000 or more for a whole-house water treatment system, including installation.
12. Type of well
The type of well you are drilling also determines the overall drilling cost. Below is a detailed explanation of how the type of well can affect residential well-water drilling prices, along with the different types of wells and their average drilling cost per foot.
Geothermal wells
Geothermal wells are specifically designed to harness the Earth’s natural heat for heating and cooling purposes. They are typically deeper and require specialized drilling techniques and equipment to reach the geothermal reservoirs. The average cost per foot for drilling a geothermal well can range from $50 to $150 or more.
Artesian wells
Artesian wells tap into pressurized aquifers that cause water to naturally flow to the surface without the need for pumping. These wells are typically more expensive to drill due to the specialized drilling techniques and equipment required to access and control the water flow. The average cost per foot for drilling an artesian well can range from $40 to $100.
Agricultural wells
Agricultural wells are used for irrigation purposes in agricultural settings. Depth and drilling costs can vary depending on the water requirements of the specific crops and the geological conditions of the area. The average cost per foot for drilling an agricultural well can range from $10 to $40 or more.
Residential wells
Residential wells are commonly drilled to provide water for household use. Depth and drilling costs depend on factors such as the water table level, geological conditions, and local regulations. The average drilling cost per foot can range from $15 to $40 or more.
Sand-point wells
Sand-point wells, also known as driven wells or sand-pointed wells, are relatively shallow wells commonly used in areas with shallow groundwater tables. They are typically easier and less expensive to drill due to their shallower depth requirements. The average cost per foot for a sand point well can range from $10 to $30.
Shallow wells
A shallow well is generally less than 50 feet deep and is used to access groundwater sources close to the surface. They are typically less expensive to drill compared to deeper wells. The average cost per foot for drilling a shallow well can range from $10 to $30.
How Much Does It Cost to Drill a Well: Final Thoughts
Drilling a residential well is a significant investment that offers homeowners numerous benefits, not the least of which is having your own personal water supply. While the average cost of drilling a residential well can vary depending on several factors, including location, well depth, and equipment requirements, it generally ranges from $5,000 to $15,000 or more.
Before proceeding with well drilling, you should carefully evaluate the factors discussed above to help you determine the cost of your well water system.
Consulting with experienced well drilling professionals can provide valuable guidance, ensuring that homeowners make informed choices and enjoy the benefits of having their own private water source.
